{"id":"W4407375216","doi":"10.1002/mde.4502","title":"Unraveling Spillovers on Health Insurance: The Impacts of Culture and Fraud on Health Insurance Coverage","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Managerial and Decision Economics","topic":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Health insurance; Business; Actuarial science; Insurance fraud; Economics; Health care; Economic growth","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001145598,0.0002134745,0.0007466614,0.0002324231,0.0003357227,0.0001126147,0.0001737783,0.000139026,0.0000085514],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000107304,0.0001509206,0.00009225779,0.000187994,0.00007571188,0.0001334921,0.00008436032,0.0002236873,0.00002250544],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001778335,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008211423,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002328895,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003048729,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980602,0.00003093517,0.001058412,0.0004806705,0.00004033196,0.0003294368],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986629,0.0001094366,0.0006547321,0.0003949492,0.00002118439,0.0001567568],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006157903,0.0001162697,0.03761013,0.0005438587,0.00009711121,0.000002080846,0.001441475,0.001466805,0.000002630492,0.2430364,0.003548979,0.7115185],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0037004,0.001199333,0.6406668,0.0008089379,0.000001455696,0.000007172955,0.0006000245,0.001205831,0.00002213172,0.1565275,0.1947822,0.0004782239],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9832069,0.003786719,0.0009016459,0.004411507,0.001801332,0.0005672144,0.0004597931,0.00001681441,0.004848112],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9658003,0.02803366,0.0001724705,0.005579861,0.0001381663,0.000007707972,0.000009317776,0.00001644829,0.0002420077],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7110403,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6154366,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01794992362619525,"score_gpt":0.2630173709250618,"score_spread":0.2450674472988666,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}