{"id":"W4407388880","doi":"10.3389/fclim.2025.1487138","title":"Seawater carbonate chemistry based carbon dioxide removal: towards commonly agreed principles for carbon monitoring, reporting, and verification","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Climate","topic":"Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Metamaterial Technologies (Canada)","funders":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; University of Exeter; Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK; UK Research and Innovation","keywords":"Carbon dioxide; Carbonate; Seawater; Carbon fibers; Environmental science; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Oceanography; Computer science; Geology; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001052258,0.0001824548,0.0003015786,0.0001357493,0.0001112543,0.00006570885,0.0001661356,0.0001353708,0.000005327088],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003548382,0.0001573122,0.00005838847,0.0002012709,0.0001288862,0.00006361814,0.00001711741,0.0001403355,3.212343e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000302026,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001006736,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000696168,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007273049,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983811,0.00006512251,0.0006193685,0.0004165898,0.0001657464,0.0003520267],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990534,0.00009395874,0.000400921,0.0003222023,0.00005289987,0.00007667511],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002532551,0.00001700153,0.9880341,0.0003392574,0.00002153625,0.00001827499,0.00007970168,0.001034821,0.002493776,0.00000766633,0.00004782966,0.007652725],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006591546,0.00003616186,0.823947,0.0001640795,0.00003874662,0.000005322137,0.0002313235,0.1393427,0.03115571,0.0001622521,0.004025418,0.0002320826],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9898832,0.00132279,0.0001097183,0.000341295,0.0009150854,0.0004123452,0.00003149072,0.00007579626,0.006908307],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939237,0.0002201644,0.005068363,0.0000368414,0.00006566492,0.00001303843,0.00009274638,0.000008675253,0.0005708623],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1640871,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6415005,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02375936880755334,"score_gpt":0.2639277313518018,"score_spread":0.2401683625442485,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}