{"id":"W4407390625","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103465","title":"Labor intensity, market structure, and the effect of economic activities on civil conflict","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Development Economics","topic":"Political Conflict and Governance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Labor intensity; Economics; Civil Conflict; Market structure; Intensity (physics); Labour economics; Market economy; Economic system; Microeconomics; Political science; Spanish Civil War; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001067284,0.00009353399,0.0003641963,0.00007591457,0.0001343785,0.0000598366,0.0002175548,0.00005945025,0.00006658526],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002291382,0.00006383425,0.00006470594,0.00003638012,0.0003618506,0.0001307062,0.00005609498,0.0001503054,0.000001233351],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002194799,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005107351,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009221311,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005029398,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999217,0.0001102508,0.0003694421,0.00007806587,0.00006810295,0.000157109],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985836,0.0008972374,0.0003489044,0.0000744672,0.00003728543,0.00005857717],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004570405,0.00003853234,0.1319654,0.0001336631,0.001032949,0.000005185704,0.0123546,0.00007859176,0.000047746,0.8116025,0.009766757,0.02840369],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00593265,0.0002641713,0.2111357,0.0002555709,0.0001079362,0.00001027319,0.001210344,0.00009957989,0.01960908,0.01302281,0.7480368,0.0003150615],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9640362,0.0001678226,0.000005901985,0.001943274,0.0005631334,0.0001047945,0.000009705741,0.000002850858,0.03316634],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967918,0.0004965565,0.00006540013,0.0005762634,0.00009393915,0.000001192756,2.175437e-7,0.000003844655,0.001970751],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7985797,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2603085,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007871326917240237,"score_gpt":0.2619855859265417,"score_spread":0.2541142590093015,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}