{"id":"W4407393190","doi":"10.3390/ma18040796","title":"High-Level Lanthanide-Doped Upconversion Nanoparticles-Based Aptasensor to Increase Carcinoembryonic Antigen Detection Sensitivity","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials","topic":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Detection limit; Carcinoembryonic antigen; Photon upconversion; Lanthanide; Materials science; Doping; Nanoparticle; Fluorescence; Quenching (fluorescence); Luminescence; Förster resonance energy transfer; Chemistry; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Nanotechnology; Optoelectronics; Chromatography; Cancer; Ion; Optics; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000372129,0.000759592,0.0006068427,0.0004353371,0.0001551616,0.0003475493,0.0006043876,0.0009087551,0.0006642998],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005480844,0.0003845468,0.0003821418,0.000320983,0.0002909831,0.0006360718,0.0005040147,0.0007438744,0.0004459299],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004963471,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003067799,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006549288,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001097712,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995676,0.00006740243,0.00004125497,0.0001451416,0.0001241604,0.00005445417],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997117,0.00008110917,0.00006772661,0.00003083725,0.00007413124,0.00003453099],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001237362,0.000009846511,0.00006028182,0.00003163994,0.000003798221,0.00002762223,0.0000119623,0.0001140607,0.9977856,0.00007049656,0.00004015221,0.00183218],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003507007,0.00003410838,0.0001678217,0.000002237538,0.000006279235,0.00008253619,0.000005232177,0.002649636,0.9964505,0.00002427214,0.0005668525,0.000006936963],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8127095,0.005545019,0.1743121,0.0005515061,0.0001799481,0.0001992501,0.0003525878,0.002175173,0.003975124],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8608751,0.002423668,0.1312813,0.0003716721,0.0000514455,0.000157882,0.0002674669,0.0001009241,0.00447066],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0009087551,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003601253,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01028443769340523,"score_gpt":0.2575939300526681,"score_spread":0.2473094923592628,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}