{"id":"W4407405528","doi":"10.1016/j.sel.2025.100089","title":"High school students’ conceptualizations of kindness: A mixed-methods portrait","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social and Emotional Learning Research Practice and Policy","topic":"Early Childhood Education and Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Central Okanagan Foundation","keywords":"Kindness; Portrait; Psychology; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Sociology; Art; Art history; Philosophy; Theology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004447259,0.00006739147,0.0001298931,0.0003081286,0.002049662,0.0002009466,0.0001326823,0.0001068826,0.0001874943],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01385203,0.00006929076,0.00002843016,0.0009463296,0.0006479043,0.0003065975,0.000126859,0.0004526463,0.00001163255],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008819963,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002871898,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007959348,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000141812,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966502,0.002073369,0.000203397,0.0001829112,0.0006151055,0.000275044],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997417,0.001641631,0.0000930234,0.0000469707,0.0006491786,0.0001522435],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002131041,0.0001435585,0.02500255,0.00003087762,0.00007408433,6.444433e-7,0.0424381,0.000003577975,0.00003605836,0.8838579,0.005989293,0.04240205],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003070944,0.00004196542,0.5364212,0.0000580123,0.00001333038,9.303769e-7,0.08448429,0.000001410709,0.000008835441,0.0189307,0.3596514,0.00008079414],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7016702,0.0009320137,0.0009068779,0.1674597,0.0004300025,0.0005644404,0.00001047367,0.00007482313,0.1279514],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9730709,0.001456193,0.002881056,0.0009131389,0.0006715482,0.00002096701,0.00001650113,0.000006656167,0.02096304],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8649272,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992495,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07616157038596065,"score_gpt":0.5408471157242183,"score_spread":0.4646855453382576,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}