{"id":"W4407406073","doi":"10.1080/23995270.2025.2466383","title":"Letter in reply: orphan drugs approved in Canada: availability and additional therapeutic value","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Future Rare Diseases","topic":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University; Arthur B. McDonald-Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute; Fraser Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Orphan drug; Value (mathematics); Medicine; Mathematics; Biology; Bioinformatics; Statistics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003029895,0.0007012699,0.001860971,0.001082262,0.004145799,0.003753643,0.002501186,0.03741159,0.01060322],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03355648,0.0007143799,0.001154314,0.001331205,0.002946519,0.002952223,0.001172584,0.03390074,0.005600885],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01120344,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01941563,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1343634,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.158767,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970914,0.0004561289,0.0003768804,0.0004625719,0.001094876,0.0005181361],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9817887,0.006691954,0.0008574413,0.0002998356,0.008070994,0.002291085],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002116117,0.000004073101,0.0001953144,0.00002011333,0.000006141126,0.000142847,0.0000286794,0.0000137197,0.00003213761,0.0004100346,0.9978663,0.001259444],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009065657,0.00002936588,0.001806917,0.0003039772,0.00004791615,0.001328061,0.0004955498,0.0002782763,0.0003006217,0.003170753,0.992015,0.0001329051],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"commentary","genre_scores_codex":[0.00015349,0.0006350816,0.00004002773,0.9847541,0.01346366,0.000007877215,0.0001538766,0.00002120129,0.0007706575],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001787241,0.0006432952,0.0001190218,0.9821312,0.01202072,0.00001380772,0.00004451892,0.00002251348,0.003217724],"genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":"commentary","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8656366,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2671626,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01325555743609485,"score_gpt":0.2277355903476063,"score_spread":0.2144800329115115,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}