{"id":"W4407408931","doi":"10.5430/jct.v14n1p226","title":"An Exploration of Teaching Strategies Used to Teach Natural Sciences at the Science Centre in Pretoria, South Africa","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Curriculum and Teaching","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Natural science; Natural (archaeology); Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Sociology; Geography; Psychology; Archaeology; Epistemology; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01040586,0.00009628198,0.0001876084,0.0004306967,0.001969314,0.0004190978,0.0005080865,0.00004237154,0.000005072913],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001149293,0.00006214492,0.00004689294,0.0005339782,0.0004126346,0.002811827,0.0000800319,0.0006171957,3.934678e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001388166,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006588279,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007434702,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008004502,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976732,0.0008271055,0.00036754,0.0001874182,0.0006378224,0.0003069235],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991555,0.0002261473,0.0003203725,0.00009169963,0.0001190066,0.00008725049],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003614157,0.0001515294,0.08484266,0.000033829,0.00001488957,0.000004561207,0.685829,0.003125493,0.01218118,0.1923604,0.0001530006,0.02126735],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000797746,0.0004336592,0.009134786,0.001022794,0.00005613492,0.000005417508,0.9658707,0.00256157,0.0008242053,0.009941604,0.009006076,0.000345333],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9869993,0.0004302994,0.001001092,0.001869442,0.0004372219,0.0001566072,6.374983e-7,0.00001220707,0.009093164],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985044,0.000007532798,0.001202779,0.00003410531,0.0001422147,0.00000134557,2.109931e-7,0.000002965897,0.0001044527],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2800417,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99933,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02977436566112027,"score_gpt":0.3495818225573971,"score_spread":0.3198074568962768,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}