{"id":"W4407410925","doi":"10.1002/aesr.202400335","title":"Sustainable Thermal Solutions: Enhancing Heat Transfer with Turbulators and Nanofluids","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research","topic":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Nanofluid; Turbulator; Heat transfer; Heat transfer fluid; Materials science; Thermal; Thermodynamics; Reynolds number; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006651909,0.0001630983,0.0001916579,0.0002435643,0.0005321174,0.0000733765,0.00008349819,0.0001183971,0.000010764],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006815512,0.0001432262,0.00002394214,0.0007065461,0.0002939349,0.0003859672,0.000042336,0.0002401142,1.317127e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002765774,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002082007,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003450833,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002648914,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984004,0.0001358517,0.0001883635,0.0003205818,0.000193033,0.0007618025],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989879,0.0001982505,8.938686e-7,0.0002306785,0.0004582638,0.0001239986],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007195865,0.0001537277,0.004152715,0.003206468,0.0001661021,0.00007223205,0.003715454,0.6082489,0.01016156,0.297294,0.00007266798,0.07203661],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01389309,0.002760344,0.02587399,0.0009170821,0.0002216181,0.00006379638,0.09365531,0.3282787,0.3188272,0.1113353,0.1004942,0.003679344],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7487266,0.005402199,0.2408289,0.0005046318,0.00003482808,0.0004264003,0.000002112019,0.0001938865,0.003880468],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973956,0.001026285,0.0001673567,0.0000293993,0.00001395893,0.0001357425,0.000005645512,0.0000212407,0.001204799],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3086656,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5840597,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007421967979148107,"score_gpt":0.2589939891247354,"score_spread":0.2515720211455872,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}