{"id":"W4407414623","doi":"10.2514/6.2025-0600","title":"Contrail Formation Simulation via FANS-Based Turbulence Modelling Combined With Two-Equation Soot/Ice Particle Transport Modelling","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Aircraft Design and Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Institute for Christian Studies; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Soot; Smoothed-particle hydrodynamics; Environmental science; Particle (ecology); Meteorology; Mechanics; Computer science; Physics; Geology; Chemistry; Combustion","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002694319,0.0008179666,0.0006967497,0.0005206302,0.0004183769,0.0008440136,0.0009561963,0.001121959,0.002047859],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006270303,0.0002460118,0.0009055656,0.0003759133,0.0005051998,0.0004134589,0.0006877689,0.0006016177,0.0002038709],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005113705,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008250551,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03219147,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01215004,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998798,0.00002617986,0.000008344874,0.00002045594,0.00003225422,0.00003289709],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996935,0.0001202539,0.00005267999,0.0000189452,0.00006452376,0.00005016257],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002906469,0.00003682522,0.001361816,0.00001810813,0.00001487171,0.0000642913,0.00001934437,0.9953988,0.001162841,0.000898602,0.0001134492,0.000881876],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004545892,0.000006430098,0.000169438,0.00000134594,0.000001929081,0.000002797251,0.000004243461,0.9995627,0.00009216079,0.00007253824,0.00007971266,0.000002202092],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8408834,0.0005720405,0.1292823,0.0004011421,0.0002496323,0.0002217952,0.001496002,0.0008549577,0.02603881],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9832444,0.0001625625,0.01292855,0.0000402965,0.00002708712,0.0001005291,0.0006426807,0.0000484569,0.002805392],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03219147,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06400818,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0236334588046635,"score_gpt":0.2367282929203555,"score_spread":0.213094834115692,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}