{"id":"W4407425649","doi":"10.1016/j.system.2025.103622","title":"Task-based language teaching and the timing of written corrective feedback: The role of language aptitude and working memory","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"System","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University; Université de Montréal","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Task (project management); Aptitude; Corrective feedback; Computer science; Working memory; Linguistics; Cognitive psychology; Psychology; Programming language; Mathematics education; Cognition; Engineering; Philosophy; Developmental psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001405685,0.00009477839,0.0002228141,0.00006616434,0.000468804,0.00007965672,0.0001220693,0.00002772592,0.00001166688],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001140626,0.00005302989,0.00004781978,0.00002689376,0.000227002,0.00003606676,0.0000567904,0.0003244478,9.840597e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001770098,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001822264,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002913437,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003897525,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989745,0.0004872349,0.0001936041,0.0001226214,0.0001108838,0.0001111471],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998926,0.0007111499,0.0001512088,0.000175471,0.00002258598,0.00001358657],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008255847,0.00001955782,0.001987117,0.0004131832,0.000141213,0.000003108946,0.8469288,0.0000837159,0.001085162,0.101204,0.000106319,0.04794521],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008076724,0.00002519627,0.0005931504,0.001397641,0.0001096254,0.000003971817,0.9872673,0.006500711,0.0004141605,0.00004665474,0.002732399,0.0001015741],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8353863,0.005685582,0.000104643,0.0001619475,0.0001722478,0.0002289355,0.000005787298,0.0000553288,0.1581992],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978234,0.000001467691,0.00004943919,0.00007316039,0.0001282468,0.000009922934,0.000001901152,0.000009839099,0.0019026],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1624371,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4404264,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008165749329874374,"score_gpt":0.2245844024005756,"score_spread":0.2164186530707012,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}