{"id":"W4407425649","doi":"10.1016/j.system.2025.103622","title":"Task-based language teaching and the timing of written corrective feedback: The role of language aptitude and working memory","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"System","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University; Université de Montréal","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Task (project management); Aptitude; Corrective feedback; Computer science; Working memory; Linguistics; Cognitive psychology; Psychology; Programming language; Mathematics education; Cognition; Engineering; Philosophy; Developmental psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00100923,0.0002838723,0.0002039663,0.0003116856,0.0002168993,0.0007824234,0.0003107169,0.0002638051,0.001057338],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01186889,0.0001134949,0.0001144339,0.0001819371,0.0003830164,0.0005060838,0.0004310532,0.0003223301,0.0001824023],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002053994,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000335577,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001239357,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001246409,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993979,0.0002371649,0.0000572715,0.0001059623,0.0001395001,0.00006214747],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9896955,0.005619557,0.002666329,0.0005079791,0.0004036038,0.001106968],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.006324071,0.006011134,0.6352012,0.0002179973,0.000155868,0.0004536671,0.007687803,0.001384188,0.08709288,0.0003103407,0.0002188565,0.2549421],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007976028,0.002759123,0.9833173,0.00002598726,0.00004611484,0.000262352,0.0008560154,0.002065645,0.009744751,0.0004434181,0.0003766816,0.00002282824],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9992583,0.00006863597,0.0003199722,0.00001024714,0.000002129004,0.000007569187,0.000006280771,0.000004677123,0.0003221239],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994028,0.00003008639,0.0003344084,0.000006580688,0.000002233151,0.00001099853,0.00001059742,0.000001930284,0.0002004307],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001239357,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005337358,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008165749329874374,"score_gpt":0.2245844024005756,"score_spread":0.2164186530707012,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}