{"id":"W4407465536","doi":"10.2138/am-2024-9610","title":"The valence states of Nb and Ta in magmatic-hydrothermal systems: Insights from combined SXAS and XPS analyses of titanite and ilmenite in two Chinese anorogenic suites","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Mineralogist","topic":"Geological and Geochemical Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Light Source (Canada); University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Ilmenite; Titanite; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Valence (chemistry); Hydrothermal circulation; Geochemistry; Geology; Materials science; Mineralogy; Chemistry; Chemical engineering; Zircon; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001146128,0.0002233691,0.0001960747,0.001068283,0.0003422528,0.0003554579,0.0002354079,0.0002356972,0.0003002666],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009006972,0.0001601407,0.0002359326,0.0005231316,0.000270141,0.0001921253,0.0002396501,0.00009587139,0.000062527],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003167665,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001872162,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01057468,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01398461,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999205,0.000005733039,0.000005771868,0.00002748394,0.00002536272,0.00001522862],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999455,0.000004591224,0.00001337125,0.000003545465,0.00002379583,0.000009147219],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009163813,0.0000134315,0.109455,0.0000576797,0.00005013986,0.0002213817,0.0005000649,0.0001736154,0.8859355,0.00009372256,0.00003987507,0.003367834],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006064412,0.00005540037,0.9180281,0.000004984174,0.00005906659,0.0003075578,0.0008273937,0.002010391,0.07792187,0.00006578769,0.0007023439,0.00001110701],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9995395,0.00006040535,0.0001172233,0.00000490437,4.790001e-7,0.000001586449,0.00006051289,0.000003016575,0.0002123559],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995173,0.00004198726,0.0001430563,0.00000480863,0.000001268457,0.000002244279,0.0001079655,0.000001988388,0.000179297],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01057468,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02102625,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007703751893829018,"score_gpt":0.2549799559015536,"score_spread":0.2472762040077246,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}