{"id":"W4407570587","doi":"10.1038/s41746-025-01500-w","title":"Identifying major depressive disorder in older adults through naturalistic driving behaviors and machine learning","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Digital Medicine","topic":"Older Adults Driving Studies","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; University of Calgary","funders":"National Institute on Aging; National Institutes of Health","keywords":"Naturalistic observation; Depression (economics); Logistic regression; Demographics; Population; Poison control; Gerontology; Psychology; Medicine; Demography; Medical emergency; Environmental health","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002271846,0.0003025212,0.0005465028,0.000252372,0.000674855,0.0000306149,0.0001851869,0.0001640123,0.0000990103],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003013796,0.0002344353,0.00003900758,0.0004833718,0.0002436146,0.0005032241,0.0004630519,0.001200823,0.0000210238],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001253113,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004910442,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001431982,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004041281,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977099,0.0001493615,0.0006919067,0.0005314357,0.0003138108,0.0006036152],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980557,0.001267211,0.0002062102,0.0002457968,0.0001401255,0.00008494095],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002037887,0.00005681021,0.9766855,0.000591493,0.00003600667,0.00003495215,0.01394851,0.000002402653,0.00004081196,0.0002498141,0.0006666563,0.007666663],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004510776,0.00006115044,0.9679851,0.01103322,0.00007741094,0.000003769382,0.01383248,0.0001668453,0.000007916181,0.0007862602,0.001304675,0.0002304136],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9810192,0.004719419,0.0006986937,0.003379754,0.0009749241,0.000898138,0.00001285138,0.0001862971,0.008110745],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939943,0.0002633536,0.0000702141,0.0004745976,0.0001354714,0.000140945,0.00005365579,0.00003657923,0.00483089],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01297512,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9559996,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02386728969677071,"score_gpt":0.38041774277749,"score_spread":0.3565504530807193,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}