{"id":"W4407574452","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2416331122","title":"Variable-strength nonlocal measurements reveal quantum violations of classical counting principles","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Foundational Questions Institute; John E. Fetzer Memorial Trust","keywords":"Pigeonhole principle; Counterintuitive; Mathematics; Quantum; Variable (mathematics); Limit (mathematics); Sum rule in quantum mechanics; Quantum mechanics; Physics; Theoretical physics; Statistical physics; Mathematical analysis; Discrete mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001605344,0.0002812629,0.0004532376,0.0002810064,0.0003846867,0.0007940052,0.001398583,0.0007007856,0.00238466],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005740683,0.0003291019,0.0001740413,0.0002966093,0.002288905,0.001548389,0.001909092,0.001695535,0.0001378527],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003000789,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003271614,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002403656,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003381003,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989241,0.0003102123,0.00005396566,0.0002224851,0.0003299806,0.0001592572],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9951811,0.002336132,0.0009122827,0.0009893852,0.0002023844,0.0003786361],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001538063,0.0007934254,0.01645701,0.0002574596,0.0001864722,0.000922474,0.0009127334,0.01984563,0.777843,0.1629236,0.0008176072,0.0175025],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00048034,0.00180253,0.02414946,0.00005029411,0.00009157252,0.0006328357,0.00069889,0.3497192,0.4645555,0.1553938,0.002236245,0.0001893475],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9783663,0.0000397567,0.01923355,0.0002502623,0.00002799203,0.00001264793,0.00002958742,0.00009119826,0.001948735],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966244,0.000009768663,0.003135927,0.00004016489,0.000003846891,0.000007038306,0.000007294952,0.00001309843,0.0001584843],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00238466,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008489966,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0616682015606988,"score_gpt":0.3181356739135002,"score_spread":0.2564674723528014,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}