{"id":"W4407597004","doi":"10.1093/sysbio/syaf012","title":"The Consequences of Budding Speciation on Trees","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Systematic Biology","topic":"Evolution and Paleontology Studies","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Biology; Clade; Macroevolution; Cladogenesis; Evolutionary biology; Phylogenetic tree; Most recent common ancestor; Genetic algorithm; Taxon; Range (aeronautics); Budding; Paleontology; Phylogenetics; Extant taxon; Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004019911,0.0002994855,0.0005696054,0.001086256,0.001433051,0.001864749,0.0007870098,0.0009380942,0.002709961],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03092536,0.000345403,0.0006857609,0.0008140269,0.003020728,0.001784067,0.001260898,0.001210666,0.000300539],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001214504,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004448788,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001911293,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00225508,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987246,0.0007320048,0.00006996973,0.00022139,0.0001326648,0.0001193495],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9862108,0.01037164,0.0008688172,0.001047052,0.0005906785,0.0009110533],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008766263,0.00008024274,0.1889012,0.0002272577,0.0002493426,0.001379832,0.002223126,0.6375888,0.0190637,0.1208134,0.001969714,0.02662675],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008839416,0.00021219,0.06400493,0.00008356518,0.0001254299,0.0008067081,0.001217117,0.7233717,0.003780491,0.2041132,0.002109062,0.00008720303],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9858024,0.0001621862,0.01041512,0.0004421547,0.00001989123,0.00001064429,0.0001411278,0.00008084271,0.002925628],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977232,0.0001108974,0.001759973,0.00005446593,0.000009071709,0.00000841074,0.000129067,0.00003185492,0.0001730259],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004019911,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02125961,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02150453163894906,"score_gpt":0.2644462103873488,"score_spread":0.2429416787483998,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}