{"id":"W4407667710","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.141062","title":"Identifying barriers to scaled-up production and commercialization of chitin and chitosan using green technologies: A review and quantitative green chemistry assessment","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","topic":"Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Commercialization; Chitin; Chitosan; Production (economics); Green chemistry; Chemistry; Biochemical engineering; Nanotechnology; Polymer science; Pulp and paper industry; Biotechnology; Business; Engineering; Materials science; Biology; Economics; Organic chemistry; Marketing","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005652612,0.0002703518,0.001095739,0.0002586679,0.00008945161,0.00008667484,0.0004305846,0.000172183,0.00001626262],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001014488,0.0001997226,0.0001289554,0.0002423986,0.0002769124,0.0001336629,0.0005021071,0.0002562343,2.653217e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006683778,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001420118,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002573455,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000246298,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980407,0.000221877,0.0009313399,0.0003662316,0.0002886257,0.0001512421],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982623,0.0001584166,0.00111361,0.0001208126,0.0002481875,0.00009663087],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001150436,0.0001068901,0.0009738475,0.04365798,0.0007728079,0.00009277149,0.0002945038,0.000004884424,0.5389098,0.0007139603,0.00005144865,0.414306],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002347048,0.002229842,0.001137832,0.7784382,0.007441328,0.01058741,0.002749772,0.0001258713,0.1588474,0.005603252,0.0268998,0.00359221],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.04217601,0.954821,0.001333558,0.0006240309,0.0003307499,0.0005226302,0.0001414141,0.0000232552,0.00002737441],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01411184,0.9789781,0.00672873,0.00007042573,0.00005790699,0.00001308742,0.00002119348,0.00001237638,0.000006365563],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7347803,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.814445,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05337352582769194,"score_gpt":0.3955422768470628,"score_spread":0.3421687510193708,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}