{"id":"W4407743546","doi":"10.1002/9781405165518.wbeosa022.pub2","title":"Age, Period, and Cohort Effects","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology","topic":"Health disparities and outcomes","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Period (music); Cohort effect; Cohort; Demography; Medicine; Internal medicine; Physics; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009184156,0.0003382863,0.0004087001,0.002412205,0.0004681127,0.0009823266,0.0005270264,0.0005153231,0.01318625],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0263009,0.0001423933,0.001246563,0.003110166,0.0008262052,0.001020273,0.00140917,0.000949873,0.0004533847],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005969401,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001139889,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01191092,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009947021,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964004,0.002294862,0.0001608322,0.0004573276,0.0004860322,0.0002005284],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9778406,0.01693551,0.002358288,0.00163196,0.0008927135,0.000341009],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006368578,0.0001476289,0.5617534,0.0007673166,0.002569376,0.0003863351,0.001084908,0.008772249,0.0004174908,0.2504489,0.01521051,0.157805],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009684851,0.000472335,0.5676316,0.001189462,0.003551101,0.0005338264,0.001615006,0.04033118,0.001618433,0.2920525,0.09079212,0.0001155294],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.5790532,0.03439046,0.2379258,0.01745893,0.002683106,0.0006324149,0.0341243,0.000445817,0.09328601],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9639337,0.005869393,0.01453834,0.000697553,0.0004739957,0.0002410481,0.00188576,0.0000521786,0.01230807],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01318625,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04857099,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008700301260640838,"score_gpt":0.3028869588214085,"score_spread":0.2941866575607677,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}