{"id":"W4407752964","doi":"10.54254/2977-5701/2025.21117","title":"[RETRACTED ARTICLE] Determinants of International Student Retention in Canada","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Economics and Policy Studies","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003585639,0.00003859124,0.0001605776,0.0001104591,0.00005393468,0.00001562729,0.00008486633,0.00002090475,0.000004015967],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001091033,0.00003253331,0.00002050133,0.00007049808,0.00006077419,0.00007806865,0.00002774697,0.00005530433,9.868675e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005642697,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00116206,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3408786,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7168459,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999419,0.000008741464,0.0003697388,0.00004182531,0.00007634825,0.00008432937],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995366,0.0000697959,0.0002306206,0.00002493815,0.0001107047,0.00002735041],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001067951,0.00007947545,0.388586,0.00003542539,0.0002748032,0.000001089242,0.02114032,0.0003547,0.00003606681,0.564552,0.001288647,0.02354465],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004162698,0.00001950422,0.8571301,0.00005242822,0.00001330674,7.604905e-7,0.09905583,0.00002772388,0.000136469,0.0227359,0.0203498,0.0000619573],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9838499,0.0002688679,2.785765e-7,0.002693363,0.0003722,0.00003647532,0.000005670387,4.55044e-7,0.01277277],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926245,0.006857274,0.00004304189,0.0002332173,0.00012795,0.000001477744,1.928386e-7,0.0000010814,0.0001112399],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5418161,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6635105,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02882862435345051,"score_gpt":0.3668839816016579,"score_spread":0.3380553572482073,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}