{"id":"W4407752964","doi":"10.54254/2977-5701/2025.21117","title":"[RETRACTED ARTICLE] Determinants of International Student Retention in Canada","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Economics and Policy Studies","topic":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00117322,0.0001989157,0.0004642971,0.001439511,0.001887053,0.002019159,0.001022143,0.0006619545,0.04339826],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009011575,0.0001214674,0.0007629931,0.00430419,0.0005947931,0.0005426593,0.0006437905,0.001398472,0.002829892],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.007276787,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02322041,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9648271,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9694652,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994696,0.00003929323,0.00003161207,0.00005168482,0.0002348226,0.0001730682],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9944791,0.0008820271,0.0007110711,0.0002854028,0.002988344,0.0006540884],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001981962,0.00008835078,0.3403184,0.000451106,0.0001940534,0.000569164,0.001663837,0.001813671,0.0001629783,0.006315272,0.5408105,0.1074145],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006999548,0.00009497485,0.7296213,0.0009375667,0.0002508909,0.0002978809,0.003166244,0.003689798,0.0004332398,0.001211991,0.2601379,0.00008817192],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4856584,0.01457554,0.003355062,0.09495636,0.009485994,0.0005132942,0.1848925,0.0008391079,0.2057237],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8108298,0.008272036,0.001632317,0.0067333,0.001226743,0.00009191006,0.02956113,0.0002805871,0.141372],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.999338,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1451817,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02882862435345051,"score_gpt":0.3668839816016579,"score_spread":0.3380553572482073,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}