{"id":"W4407758877","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111526","title":"Distributed continuous-time unit commitment with energy storage in multi-area networks","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Electric Power Systems Research","topic":"Smart Grid Energy Management","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Unit (ring theory); Energy storage; Distributed generation; Power system simulation; Energy (signal processing); Computer science; Environmental science; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Renewable energy; Power (physics); Electric power system; Physics; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001214052,0.0002760168,0.0004324771,0.001061885,0.0001274876,0.0001605669,0.0005304181,0.0001571832,0.0000361313],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004321994,0.0002521024,0.00004244314,0.003501913,0.00004654416,0.00009542298,0.0001450172,0.0006206353,0.00003356802],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009573846,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008720929,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001145626,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002378098,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970024,0.0004360221,0.0004140217,0.0003950633,0.0006227457,0.001129729],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987299,0.0002550655,0.00003173875,0.0006569512,0.0001915928,0.000134718],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000792126,0.0002024531,0.004061858,0.00009762831,0.0003687277,0.0002589973,0.00005942909,0.9348467,0.000429236,0.002195649,0.05663452,0.0007655711],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001213522,0.0001422491,0.005600675,0.0002164164,0.000009738799,0.0000053427,0.00009539843,0.8947318,0.0002199036,0.000005685912,0.0974878,0.0002714549],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05841286,0.01061564,0.8988502,0.0001620175,0.0011764,0.001566339,0.00002281614,0.0008492899,0.02834445],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9916664,0.0001413299,0.00002936814,0.00001622936,0.00003609118,0.0004652838,0.00006714296,0.00005461359,0.007523552],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9332535,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999931,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0204870425090132,"score_gpt":0.264112542190162,"score_spread":0.2436254996811488,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}