{"id":"W4407777207","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.134970","title":"Clustering-based EV suitability analysis for grid support services","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy","topic":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Cluster analysis; Data mining; Grid; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000695635,0.000108477,0.0001794029,0.0001443951,0.00004613751,0.00002594611,0.0001389362,0.00007565966,0.0001143575],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004017454,0.0001031323,0.0001378625,0.0005670015,0.000008228497,0.00004590856,0.00001202259,0.00005072161,0.000001020664],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005281467,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002251451,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001187825,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001549213,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994041,0.000008312417,0.0001615106,0.0001525016,0.00006673649,0.0002068656],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999642,0.00004186917,0.0000162185,0.0002241769,0.00003870421,0.0000370129],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001753893,0.00001386412,0.011774,0.000196014,0.000427494,0.000001010549,0.00002806019,0.9683175,0.001234586,0.0005899134,0.0023371,0.01506291],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002589187,0.00003009,0.01844309,0.000006034053,0.0001666917,2.310834e-7,0.0000112578,0.8882959,0.01348259,0.0003488654,0.07881323,0.0001431102],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1465422,0.0006193993,0.841807,0.000293636,0.0008642414,0.0001491241,0.0000979223,0.0005868632,0.00903963],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980071,0.00001064124,0.001076856,0.000354809,0.00008806053,0.00002977193,0.0001102345,0.00001157069,0.0003109328],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8514649,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4205613,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003576834087577868,"score_gpt":0.2061569104005616,"score_spread":0.2025800763129838,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}