{"id":"W4407792412","doi":"10.1126/science.ado8554","title":"Magnetic modulation of keyhole instability during laser welding and additive manufacturing","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science","topic":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":68,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","keywords":"Keyhole; Welding; Instability; Modulation (music); Laser; Materials science; Optics; Metallurgy; Mechanics; Physics; Acoustics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001476072,0.00007637104,0.00009360125,0.0001119367,0.0001140423,0.00004152927,0.00010094,0.00002142722,0.00005929352],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004973546,0.00007288728,0.00001048079,0.0001500264,0.0001996637,0.0002570857,0.00007286585,0.00004608467,0.000002201012],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003405032,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001687066,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007036684,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003825445,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994481,0.000007027927,0.0001232419,0.0001680407,0.0001041204,0.0001495378],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997792,0.0000356895,0.00002014793,0.0001053784,0.00003084198,0.00002875298],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004716703,0.00004045601,0.005183755,0.002200909,0.00002187852,0.000005095018,0.001394511,0.05272338,0.8186308,0.0003920995,0.0000385631,0.1193214],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006912201,0.00000624472,0.2640358,0.00004705743,0.000002361996,5.327931e-7,0.00004373255,0.0008773425,0.733797,0.0008657182,0.0002008616,0.00005424586],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9959196,0.00009562705,0.0007025852,0.00001069278,0.0001703989,0.00007370884,0.00001752167,0.00006413299,0.002945664],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996048,0.00003339021,0.0002852044,0.000005357195,0.00001408834,0.000005686441,0.000001110759,0.000004223343,0.00004610529],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.258852,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2972257,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004458315811236273,"score_gpt":0.2058883015673895,"score_spread":0.2014299857561532,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}