{"id":"W4407852394","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115482","title":"What matters the most in designing low-carbon buildings in Canada? Exploring the tradeoff between embodied and operational carbon in early stage design","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy and Buildings","topic":"Environmental Impact and Sustainability","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Stage (stratigraphy); Carbon fibers; Architectural engineering; Embodied cognition; Engineering; Environmental science; Computer science; Geology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006936966,0.0001686242,0.0001765707,0.00006631461,0.0001307103,0.000113631,0.0001904443,0.00004755531,0.00001134713],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003123293,0.0001211443,0.00001347582,0.0003370332,0.0001926503,0.0004535161,0.0001775063,0.0002124028,7.269539e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008045138,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006402909,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.6530371,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.3852546,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987016,0.0001738146,0.0002568386,0.0003196024,0.0001978984,0.0003501845],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994894,0.0002792992,0.00003662128,0.0001378693,0.000001735444,0.00005512762],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003022627,0.00001597482,0.9804648,0.000008920634,0.00000573775,0.00001339016,0.002365558,0.009794314,0.002299689,0.000225852,0.0000135881,0.004761995],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004774659,0.00002681045,0.9828578,0.00009964443,0.000007104254,0.000001121597,0.004371786,0.002702554,0.008134514,0.0007056102,0.0004179702,0.0001976002],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.996731,0.0001682444,0.00009782194,0.002512934,0.00005786603,0.0001988938,8.781159e-7,0.00000523176,0.0002271705],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985488,0.0001900493,0.0001162961,0.0009208164,0.00001125597,0.0000610029,0.000001104579,0.000009149677,0.0001415312],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2677825,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6259629,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01346451162540045,"score_gpt":0.2069003064862907,"score_spread":0.1934357948608902,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}