{"id":"W4407866776","doi":"10.1080/20473869.2025.2462915","title":"The gut–brain axis in autism spectrum disorder: microbiome dysbiosis, probiotics, and potential mechanisms of action","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Developmental Disabilities","topic":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Centre for Global Health Research","funders":"","keywords":"Autism; Dysbiosis; Gut–brain axis; Autism spectrum disorder; Gut microbiome; Microbiome; Psychology; Action (physics); Gut flora; Neuroscience; Developmental psychology; Bioinformatics; Medicine; Immunology; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004403189,0.0001423101,0.0001941211,0.0003742411,0.0001323646,0.000128854,0.0006155208,0.00005690574,0.00008985181],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006898468,0.0001109603,0.00008288475,0.00025584,0.0005480513,0.0003199207,0.0003024307,0.0002470929,0.00000502614],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003714356,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000251337,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006483605,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002315918,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981844,0.0001495342,0.0006716276,0.000210497,0.0005391412,0.0002448158],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991254,0.0004990954,0.0002137989,0.00009031149,0.00003086812,0.00004052219],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007005084,0.0006194032,0.01448208,0.00009111644,0.0001473084,0.00002438195,0.002413569,0.00004302141,0.5643169,0.4097113,0.0004316315,0.007018741],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001996464,0.0002513062,0.08037861,0.0002945692,0.00001100759,0.0003402352,0.007829936,0.0001728014,0.4470907,0.4595993,0.001778882,0.0002561696],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9436912,0.000167272,0.001355738,0.05279884,0.001022475,0.0002645799,0.00003458044,0.00001109874,0.0006541992],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982914,0.0003487569,0.0004134721,0.0001354507,0.00001624092,0.000006067214,0.00000221842,0.00001003023,0.0007763672],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1172263,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4524831,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01445434901647269,"score_gpt":0.2906801280876551,"score_spread":0.2762257790711825,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}