{"id":"W4407922354","doi":"10.3390/economies13030063","title":"Technical Progress and Sustainable Growth in the Manufacturing Sector of North American Countries, 1984–2022: A Stochastic Frontier Analysis","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Economies","topic":"Environmental Impact and Sustainability","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Frontier; Stochastic frontier analysis; Manufacturing sector; Sustainable growth rate; Economics; Regional science; Sustainable development; Economic geography; Econometrics; Macroeconomics; Geography; Political science; Production (economics); Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003399134,0.0001149743,0.0002561061,0.0001062791,0.00009975803,0.00003743413,0.0002055989,0.00002244377,0.0001324992],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003278329,0.00008772063,0.00005529189,0.000353571,0.0009060829,0.0001788767,0.0002443067,0.0001045841,0.000002852653],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003586474,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001325459,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002164308,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003971695,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991116,0.00005765729,0.0002147988,0.0002395328,0.00008682928,0.0002896087],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995729,0.00008880964,0.00007977943,0.0002216769,0.000002969541,0.00003391287],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003137926,0.00005612371,0.9973961,0.0000278579,0.00003613062,0.000003587081,0.000413727,0.0006981196,0.000001392355,0.0001553044,0.0001245675,0.001055724],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000132801,0.0000449521,0.9962894,0.000001957289,0.00006812908,7.202257e-7,0.001951367,0.0002763028,0.0001373186,0.0005161738,0.0004932567,0.00008759744],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9980296,0.000105809,0.0002392384,0.0004508685,0.000009986652,0.0003167104,0.000008718574,0.000009642084,0.0008293892],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992248,0.00002411025,0.0001470119,0.0001141224,0.000005142315,0.00005156851,0.000004120289,0.000004055527,0.0004250816],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001807387,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3577143,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.002818608325868062,"score_gpt":0.2058377603777701,"score_spread":0.203019152051902,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}