{"id":"W4407922422","doi":"10.1007/s40259-025-00709-1","title":"Biosimilar Policies and Their Impact on Market Penetration of Adalimumab, Etanercept and Infliximab: A Policy Synthesis and Descriptive Analysis in 13 OECD Countries","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"BioDrugs","topic":"Biosimilars and Bioanalytical Methods","field":"Immunology and Microbiology","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia Hospital; University of Calgary; University of British Columbia; University of Toronto; Providence Health Care","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research; National Research Foundation of Korea; Michael Smith Health Research BC","keywords":"Biosimilar; Infliximab; Adalimumab; Etanercept; Descriptive statistics; Medicine; Antirheumatic Agents; Pharmacology; Business; Rheumatoid arthritis; Internal medicine; Tumor necrosis factor alpha","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004034895,0.0003103832,0.0005188848,0.005025519,0.0004354861,0.003775442,0.0003525378,0.0007355907,0.003266263],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01678898,0.0002542766,0.001297356,0.01213119,0.00112634,0.001443409,0.001542646,0.0009803757,0.0002550334],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00624601,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003597362,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03906151,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01651587,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9946096,0.002267796,0.0005519733,0.0003353405,0.00105755,0.001177796],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9645481,0.02318505,0.009226894,0.0004457167,0.002102977,0.0004912565],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002509787,0.0003401382,0.8730378,0.002564118,0.001558228,0.0009511859,0.00299387,0.0114822,0.0004872455,0.03741775,0.005854476,0.06080325],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001177487,0.0003940115,0.9334493,0.002035364,0.001349061,0.000504345,0.0148377,0.002453864,0.00146105,0.003490187,0.03983783,0.00006948908],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.9391308,0.02457594,0.0007995826,0.002409112,0.00004682718,0.00008992323,0.01242068,0.00002933093,0.02049777],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9884008,0.008174678,0.0002756805,0.0003446316,0.00001905409,0.00008234676,0.002031611,0.00001294414,0.0006582153],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03906151,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07766831,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01123814212673292,"score_gpt":0.2880359146218365,"score_spread":0.2767977724951036,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}