{"id":"W4407923160","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2025.160929","title":"Superhydrophobic surfaces exhibiting low interfacial toughness with ice","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Journal","topic":"Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Ministère de la Défense Nationale; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Toughness; Materials science; Composite material; Nanotechnology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001323739,0.0004290841,0.0002246394,0.0002370921,0.0002045674,0.000268046,0.0001779172,0.000421883,0.001013043],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002097112,0.0002314343,0.0003738583,0.0001199854,0.0002052118,0.0002427734,0.0003429138,0.0004078115,0.0002281244],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001789083,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001492855,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003781277,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005611778,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998259,0.00000894226,0.000008263884,0.00002763266,0.00007977131,0.00004958198],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998399,0.00003032432,0.00004209095,0.00001786633,0.00004339407,0.00002641148],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001488762,0.000005454748,0.0001088208,0.00002500801,0.00000291351,0.00002727853,0.0000108761,0.00004874852,0.9991737,0.00002446993,0.00001558723,0.0005422741],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004678214,0.0001811986,0.003183844,0.000002952976,0.00000999726,0.000163127,0.00002315196,0.0006888853,0.9950801,0.00002765193,0.000628682,0.000005858083],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9952956,0.000314441,0.002925851,0.00003340174,0.00001254107,0.00003032528,0.00009709486,0.00006014017,0.001230619],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944929,0.0002129203,0.003911599,0.0000463533,0.000004740357,0.00003151671,0.000255609,0.00002488433,0.001019479],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001013043,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003388941,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006190525466115922,"score_gpt":0.2092681179749749,"score_spread":0.203077592508859,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}