{"id":"W4407935700","doi":"10.19173/irrodl.v26i1.8106","title":"Comparative Effectiveness of Approaches to Students’ Labour Education in Universities in the New Era With the Use of Information Technologies","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning","topic":"Educational Innovations and Challenges","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Information technology; Higher education; Educational technology; Electronic learning; Sociology; Pedagogy; Mathematics education; Medical education; Computer science; Knowledge management; Psychology; Economic growth; Medicine; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003011265,0.00004267964,0.0001291031,0.0002631176,0.00004854666,0.0001008228,0.001348236,0.00001485144,0.000001410234],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002293824,0.00002259631,0.000009388285,0.001466668,0.0001075497,0.0004600389,0.0004520895,0.00024571,2.808277e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007799523,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006366263,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008601983,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001397558,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988602,0.0004670776,0.0001958969,0.00007797583,0.000333675,0.00006514291],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980041,0.001420505,0.0001014684,0.0001581002,0.0003101872,0.000005618521],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007146862,0.0001620461,0.02483686,0.0006318165,0.00002406274,1.773237e-7,0.002864423,0.0022724,0.000009603948,0.9528294,0.0004909484,0.01580676],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000522458,0.0001335313,0.8233244,0.0119813,0.000004393587,0.00000194083,0.1438374,0.001092385,0.0003541851,0.007502147,0.011173,0.00007289348],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9275788,0.002799929,0.00686235,0.0605806,0.00002501145,0.001101207,0.000009623089,0.000003937222,0.001038547],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982253,0.001054966,0.0005242371,0.00006317585,0.000001757805,0.00005936249,0.00001896656,5.927672e-7,0.00005160175],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9453273,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2505381,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2069479509877515,"score_gpt":0.4500007788774582,"score_spread":0.2430528278897067,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}