{"id":"W4407937544","doi":"10.1101/2025.02.24.639866","title":"Widespread occurrence of botulinum and tetanus neurotoxin genes in ancient DNA","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","topic":"Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Botulinum neurotoxin; Tetanus; Gene; DNA; Neurotoxin; Clostridium botulinum; Biology; Genetics; Virology; Toxin; Biochemistry; Vaccination","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006598727,0.0002013203,0.0004032869,0.003223359,0.0004776715,0.0007689609,0.0002272729,0.0004348734,0.001390982],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001538251,0.0001674286,0.000333582,0.004315864,0.0004222697,0.0003227059,0.0007212665,0.0002864671,0.000382396],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003114307,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004117684,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002627987,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004796808,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992843,0.00008735633,0.00008057902,0.0002756045,0.0001772116,0.00009491614],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987227,0.000384055,0.0004725768,0.0001024692,0.0002103315,0.0001078674],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006435413,0.00008557522,0.6885067,0.001677123,0.0005106208,0.001748136,0.001890394,0.001631659,0.2483996,0.0006740507,0.001092209,0.05314041],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001351496,0.0000959871,0.9701436,0.0001719618,0.0001822827,0.002111527,0.001107933,0.001646738,0.01427636,0.0003517163,0.009872777,0.00002566993],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9935009,0.001333516,0.001066047,0.00004520176,0.000006400898,0.00001228244,0.003376361,0.00003361,0.0006257317],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9899339,0.0006475254,0.002545033,0.00009146558,0.00001323813,0.0000132952,0.006193444,0.00001141281,0.0005506554],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003223359,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00522536,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01721780487668921,"score_gpt":0.2418994422380704,"score_spread":0.2246816373613812,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}