{"id":"W4407938394","doi":"10.1109/icsc63108.2024.10895400","title":"Detecting Free-Riders in Federated Learning Using an Ensemble of Similarity Distance Metrics","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Ensemble learning; Similarity (geometry); Artificial intelligence; Machine learning","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006021946,0.001127488,0.00252275,0.002752084,0.001131712,0.001979451,0.00255119,0.001665558,0.0005344106],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01383462,0.0003661919,0.0006701771,0.001535642,0.001181743,0.004485087,0.003348536,0.001383737,0.000225961],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001078826,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00112698,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002997205,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002998721,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966837,0.001117524,0.0002804129,0.0008659459,0.0007425511,0.0003098444],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.993359,0.002478327,0.0009237623,0.001259948,0.001506584,0.0004723159],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005884235,0.0006404542,0.05682773,0.0001790655,0.0005121569,0.0003498541,0.0004685003,0.5614635,0.004130856,0.0109167,0.003028522,0.3608943],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006658543,0.000103411,0.001313974,0.00001277781,0.00002010125,0.00007590294,0.00008162253,0.9910692,0.001162715,0.005822934,0.0003164952,0.00001424139],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2510226,0.0008732683,0.74495,0.0003940969,0.00008136372,0.0001472753,0.0001258574,0.0009321892,0.001473357],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9337961,0.0001042834,0.06504316,0.00008389496,0.00002674406,0.00005588317,0.0001827642,0.00002989106,0.0006772971],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.006021946,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03184748,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06312485326127333,"score_gpt":0.3081552618415815,"score_spread":0.2450304085803082,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}