{"id":"W4408019926","doi":"10.1016/j.plrev.2025.02.005","title":"Nonlocal models in biology and life sciences: Sources, developments, and applications","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Physics of Life Reviews","topic":"Thermoelastic and Magnetoelastic Phenomena","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Shared Hierarchical Academic Research Computing Network; Alliance de recherche numérique du Canada; Eusko Jaurlaritza; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; Canada Research Chairs; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades","keywords":"Mathematical model; Computer science; Mathematical and theoretical biology; Quantum nonlocality; Population; Computational model; Systems biology; Cognitive science; Nanotechnology; Artificial intelligence; Biology; Physics; Bioinformatics; Quantum; Quantum entanglement","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002762932,0.0003056776,0.001690695,0.0001215045,0.00003914086,0.00001081288,0.0002374898,0.0001082084,0.000003189175],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006145991,0.0002452044,0.00008559473,0.00043889,0.0001796141,0.00006732503,0.0001373204,0.0001871798,0.000007573785],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003032395,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000272713,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005892131,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002000708,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986025,0.00006680118,0.0007541224,0.0003031093,0.00006303202,0.0002104406],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992242,0.0002950504,0.000169571,0.0001901486,0.00001384932,0.0001071216],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[2.64627e-7,0.00001393394,0.00000319076,0.02715252,0.00003145892,4.483908e-8,0.00002814491,0.0001042415,1.809218e-7,0.01760311,0.00005956746,0.9550033],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001005333,0.00001266491,0.000001209045,0.007258562,0.0001908982,8.023985e-7,0.000006552707,0.001226405,6.027437e-8,0.00494983,0.9859891,0.0002633752],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[8.25811e-7,0.8936864,0.1033391,0.000002385363,0.00004321667,0.0007909642,0.00003731358,0.00002314571,0.002076659],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00003522627,0.9968882,0.002498973,0.00002528779,0.00008875225,0.0004067893,0.00002338078,0.00001910684,0.00001427664],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9859295,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999145,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05671993775963694,"score_gpt":0.3115576827508553,"score_spread":0.2548377449912183,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}