{"id":"W4408028949","doi":"10.1007/s11423-025-10472-3","title":"Advancing higher education students’ assessment experiences with conversational agents","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Educational Technology Research and Development","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; Concordia University of Edmonton","funders":"","keywords":"Educational technology; Higher education; Computer science; Pedagogy; Medical education; Psychology; Mathematics education; Multimedia; Medicine; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005633848,0.00009565864,0.00009420796,0.0006250688,0.0005489595,0.0001689001,0.0005323955,0.00005816702,0.00008951565],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004295142,0.00008055467,0.000006286471,0.0007432355,0.0001384269,0.000212399,0.0003012276,0.0002462015,0.00002519032],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003224011,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00315596,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001265839,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002720697,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985217,0.00004969324,0.0001822287,0.0003847875,0.0005675579,0.000294049],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990283,0.0001278931,0.0000477649,0.0001894315,0.0005423135,0.00006434444],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004073073,0.0002374873,0.1605894,0.00001907014,0.00003914066,0.00000110165,0.001668713,0.000003705379,0.00004117492,0.8274776,0.002694284,0.007224246],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003631129,0.0001694401,0.4896951,0.0003549915,0.000001879126,0.00001495309,0.01909681,0.00005633086,0.001690796,0.02074279,0.4675391,0.0002747091],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8895015,0.0008975028,0.0578219,0.03980307,0.001701176,0.0006978666,3.676578e-7,0.0001710943,0.0094055],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9073048,0.000009195213,0.04992041,0.000147622,0.00004801839,0.0005992368,0.000006027118,0.000003612026,0.04196107],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8067349,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5598537,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04363022352318064,"score_gpt":0.4107070981221086,"score_spread":0.367076874598928,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}