{"id":"W4408031571","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01332","title":"Recent avenues in the photocatalytic splitting of water for eco-friendly hydrogen production","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sustainable materials and technologies","topic":"Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques","field":"Energy","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Environmentally friendly; Photocatalysis; Hydrogen production; Water splitting; Production (economics); Environmental science; Hydrogen; Waste management; Biochemical engineering; Environmental engineering; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Engineering; Catalysis; Ecology; Organic chemistry; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001097931,0.0006670608,0.0005456278,0.00124504,0.0004304044,0.001242432,0.0006171671,0.0009795164,0.0039559],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000560406,0.0003855594,0.0008065673,0.001955285,0.0008630891,0.002339286,0.0008470159,0.001917845,0.001337314],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00073043,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000864813,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005409693,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001519144,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997124,0.00005126034,0.00001825048,0.00006760663,0.0001074533,0.00004297323],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994837,0.0002479262,0.00006811538,0.00002722131,0.0001221356,0.00005086861],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002700924,0.0003625638,0.001191555,0.02390471,0.0001786539,0.000689045,0.0005395986,0.00247662,0.08737453,0.04484793,0.02271521,0.8154495],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002419253,0.000517305,0.001814243,0.0009742485,0.000150852,0.0009213607,0.0004185163,0.001776982,0.03416263,0.01851032,0.9406704,0.00005893832],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.007043297,0.9709347,0.004418197,0.00317691,0.0004971054,0.00002448911,0.00007913692,0.00006271241,0.01376348],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0326708,0.9596586,0.003365515,0.0006817121,0.0003995283,0.00002150006,0.0001187828,0.00001451605,0.003069084],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0039559,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01323378,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007928731942853859,"score_gpt":0.2585463324648898,"score_spread":0.2506176005220359,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}