{"id":"W4408034459","doi":"10.1177/00811750251322786","title":"Explained Variance in Two-Level Models: A New Approach","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sociological Methodology","topic":"Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"H2020 European Research Council; European Commission","keywords":"Variance (accounting); Econometrics; Statistics; Mathematics; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003740922,0.00009546215,0.0002829007,0.00007099304,0.0003158514,0.0000135131,0.0002448797,0.0001672294,0.0002236701],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004776433,0.00007797045,0.00007417702,0.0002797403,0.0003836397,0.00007592089,0.00007375629,0.0002209403,0.00002306134],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001360506,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003938422,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003385615,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001127165,"domain_scores_codex":[0.995976,0.003024342,0.0002711175,0.0003084009,0.0001115083,0.0003085854],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965962,0.003115887,0.00004972714,0.00009029309,0.00009411263,0.00005383237],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003389618,0.00007171258,0.001114396,0.000003707965,0.00002297607,5.816703e-7,0.0108683,0.0007184753,0.00007063491,0.9812244,0.004613139,0.001257764],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002330644,0.00001179588,0.004801503,0.000005012639,0.00000612481,3.07218e-7,0.009878008,0.0004363864,0.00000974801,0.980181,0.004343892,0.00009309626],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0280051,0.0006575734,0.6869069,0.05256224,0.001287913,0.0002960221,0.000007932847,0.00007349457,0.2302028],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4957277,0.0001329108,0.4746463,0.005451521,0.0007391867,0.0001349372,0.0000160979,0.000003575872,0.02314773],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4677227,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5718181,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.7225334573427316,"score_gpt":0.5466169091870349,"score_spread":0.1759165481556967,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}