{"id":"W4408045891","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-443-23848-2.00008-5","title":"Basics of biopharmaceuticals development, production, and quality","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Elsevier eBooks","topic":"Protein purification and stability","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Production (economics); Quality (philosophy); Manufacturing engineering; Engineering; Economics; Epistemology; Philosophy; Microeconomics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004519864,0.0001938273,0.0002613971,0.00004275807,0.00005794494,0.000008216082,0.0001261466,0.0002597302,0.00002927751],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001478283,0.0001900894,0.00007279343,0.000007814082,0.0002197068,0.000001014695,0.0001290452,0.0001353541,0.000003747328],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001435238,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003144224,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":1.269378e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001558115,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988295,0.00004263578,0.0004489163,0.0004422457,0.0001247589,0.0001119559],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990875,0.00001047265,0.0001870087,0.0004643567,0.0001871376,0.00006353523],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004446082,0.00001597229,0.0001334498,0.0003878854,0.0001089833,2.581589e-7,0.00002986159,4.450104e-8,0.01000251,0.00696605,0.0000579615,0.9822525],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009858461,0.00001573015,0.0002516696,0.00007439224,0.00002588259,0.000001222564,0.000002501461,1.084017e-7,0.07865155,0.0007200636,0.9199843,0.0001739814],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0007906625,0.006380949,0.00005314188,0.00009922618,0.0001538434,0.0005616126,0.00005023252,0.00001310296,0.9918972],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.009512222,0.0004929769,0.001173361,0.0001428035,0.00008393369,0.00002508884,0.0000646828,0.00001657862,0.9884884],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9820786,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7751622,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03435755088241457,"score_gpt":0.3102134476678426,"score_spread":0.275855896785428,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}