{"id":"W4408061717","doi":"10.1038/s44358-025-00023-2","title":"Biodiversity offsets, their effectiveness and their role in a nature positive future","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Reviews Biodiversity","topic":"Environmental Conservation and Management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Biodiversity; Environmental resource management; Environmental planning; Environmental ethics; Geography; Ecology; Environmental science; Biology; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005181445,0.0004456141,0.0004415643,0.001118744,0.0009841974,0.00477252,0.0008788958,0.002791276,0.01496572],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01036212,0.0002214333,0.0002814015,0.001133709,0.005766771,0.005676706,0.002824639,0.001865968,0.0009423762],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002431799,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002702086,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002530664,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006991907,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981121,0.000482863,0.0000882657,0.0002055551,0.0008435821,0.0002675721],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9946855,0.00282023,0.0009388191,0.0003112071,0.0007690112,0.0004752956],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002455592,0.00009645912,0.005094835,0.001236562,0.0001206932,0.0001569127,0.0003406297,0.002307021,0.001311991,0.6518691,0.01459576,0.3226246],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001288876,0.0004814948,0.03292339,0.00198666,0.0001930712,0.0005179868,0.002366792,0.00130974,0.001590392,0.5568141,0.4016018,0.000085756],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.09680832,0.279414,0.01025037,0.1116749,0.007484801,0.00008901858,0.0006444387,0.0001614763,0.4934727],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8672912,0.08754929,0.005437793,0.00808536,0.002395445,0.00009470194,0.0001244641,0.00006487655,0.02895689],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01496572,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05006528,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004319356700494966,"score_gpt":0.209018214671477,"score_spread":0.2046988579709821,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}