{"id":"W4408074216","doi":"10.18331/brj2025.12.1.5","title":"Can biomass-derived chars serve as a viable alternative to commercial inorganic fertilizers?","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biofuel Research Journal","topic":"Phosphorus and nutrient management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Universiti Malaysia Terengganu; Universiteit Gent","keywords":"Biomass (ecology); Environmental science; Pulp and paper industry; Waste management; Agronomy; Biology; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001647093,0.0001693012,0.0001917402,0.0003343612,0.0007947392,0.0002881565,0.0009617597,0.00006768472,0.003125377],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002862394,0.0001455255,0.00008641309,0.001406311,0.0002553017,0.0002046665,0.001259569,0.0005717694,0.001278204],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001109733,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001241175,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003938243,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007239816,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970208,0.0002765672,0.000294907,0.0003890926,0.001135854,0.0008827975],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989614,0.00008105398,0.00006460264,0.0003148676,0.00008527923,0.0004927405],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002044374,0.001564922,0.2253913,0.000100383,0.0004556683,0.0007591247,0.004784613,0.00008059257,0.3998715,0.002423836,0.2605174,0.1020062],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003037516,0.001363904,0.3762667,0.000253223,0.00003422716,0.0000427031,0.001989152,0.0003128823,0.1882001,0.03817617,0.3896755,0.0006478866],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9683408,0.000161553,0.0001572174,0.01376861,0.0003660991,0.0004943883,0.0000111384,0.00002190305,0.0166783],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9932103,0.0003042082,0.0002054522,0.001182037,0.00009251044,0.00003252269,0.000002791698,0.00001600615,0.004954178],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2116714,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994994,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04028713350329587,"score_gpt":0.3479962926453251,"score_spread":0.3077091591420292,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}