{"id":"W4408078001","doi":"10.1007/s43939-025-00211-z","title":"Enhancing Biogas Generation: A Comprehensive Analysis of Pre-Treatment Strategies for Napier Grass in Anaerobic Digestion","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Discover Materials","topic":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"","keywords":"Anaerobic digestion; Biogas; Digestion (alchemy); Biotechnology; Agronomy; Environmental science; Waste management; Engineering; Pulp and paper industry; Biology; Chemistry; Methane; Ecology; Chromatography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005838531,0.0001055643,0.0002497292,0.0002617929,0.00002598008,0.00005680008,0.00003876452,0.00005940219,0.00004704568],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003512176,0.00009014033,0.00006226278,0.0003132855,0.00001877065,0.0001542126,0.00001046014,0.00001373666,0.000001449953],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008268711,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002532108,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001955746,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002254272,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994265,0.00002501667,0.0002500487,0.000150866,0.00004696097,0.0001006162],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997716,0.0000142516,0.00003903945,0.0001274496,0.0000360226,0.00001165201],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003729582,0.00002961327,0.0003676607,0.0001289872,0.0003089926,2.723234e-7,0.0002109172,0.01438954,0.983425,0.0009135191,0.0000783143,0.0001098595],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003484598,0.00003991641,0.01255049,0.00002734076,0.0002178838,1.379165e-7,0.0002823799,0.001256746,0.9841241,0.00009389199,0.0009694677,0.00008916152],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9943232,0.0001864715,0.004324308,0.00005417108,0.000627098,0.0003105639,0.0001032331,0.00003595595,0.00003498729],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990702,0.0001174937,0.0003200914,0.00001607682,0.00004952621,0.0000505701,0.0002932739,0.00000585568,0.00007694274],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0131328,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3675816,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01669112428925892,"score_gpt":0.2640998862764983,"score_spread":0.2474087619872394,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}