{"id":"W4408102625","doi":"10.1016/j.jeconc.2025.100142","title":"The Oversea Chinese Fund: A complex affinity-based Ponzi scheme","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Economic Criminology","topic":"Banking stability, regulation, efficiency","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph; University of Waterloo; Actua","funders":"","keywords":"Scheme (mathematics); Business; Economics; Computer science; Finance; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001358463,0.0001795969,0.0005759319,0.000466735,0.0002735728,0.0001031333,0.0006380382,0.0001443064,0.0005150095],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000469242,0.0001592608,0.0002914211,0.0001332657,0.0003075652,0.0001719405,0.00008909037,0.0003199943,0.0001511869],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004557823,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000243659,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008462719,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001432568,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979077,0.00005387191,0.001376375,0.0002819863,0.00002899881,0.0003510445],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997596,0.0006312389,0.001130393,0.0005017542,0.00008117375,0.00005945062],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001719073,0.0001969139,0.2604722,0.00003748421,0.000172778,0.000004592207,0.000193318,0.002417668,0.0000765091,0.7298657,0.004062375,0.002328481],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00204212,0.0002015332,0.653845,0.00001591705,0.00002430202,0.0000369172,0.0001247834,0.01896703,0.00004080483,0.2113954,0.1130416,0.0002646978],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9731749,0.001720923,0.001994482,0.006651738,0.002111595,0.0001441605,0.00003255667,0.00001924775,0.01415034],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976063,0.00007259841,0.001313747,0.0005337066,0.0001740497,0.000004458677,0.000003644883,0.0000144947,0.0002770451],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5184704,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6494467,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0922422216589758,"score_gpt":0.3066190467233384,"score_spread":0.2143768250643626,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}