{"id":"W4408151295","doi":"10.37566/2707-6849-2024-4(49)-12","title":"Hearsay evidence in US civil courts: simplifying the rules of evidence to improve standards of fairness","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Slovo of the National School of Judges of Ukraine","topic":"Jury Decision Making Processes","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Hearsay; Law; Civil litigation; Political science; Civil procedure; Rules of evidence; Admissible evidence; Law and economics; Computer science; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.1907127,0.0008812391,0.002441087,0.01000636,0.007024227,0.02599259,0.005113307,0.01282047,0.001497],"category_scores_gemma":[0.3627903,0.001918355,0.001675025,0.005449565,0.02037171,0.02303065,0.01550205,0.01485906,0.0006219177],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0120788,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02699825,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01588947,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02057669,"domain_scores_codex":[0.7469301,0.1340684,0.03049397,0.01201385,0.07001437,0.00647924],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.6384654,0.2695903,0.02046615,0.03135328,0.03724327,0.00288159],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001065504,0.0001028107,0.002474151,0.0003764122,0.0001056647,0.0003673544,0.005431973,0.01052568,0.001059593,0.8488152,0.002788295,0.1278463],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001827482,0.0002673517,0.003457188,0.00216568,0.0002301233,0.0003128026,0.001883487,0.01511622,0.003669258,0.9070736,0.06539661,0.0002450832],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1148947,0.03318413,0.6420857,0.1123197,0.003009059,0.0011712,0.0002087406,0.000529714,0.09259702],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6415347,0.006535327,0.3339061,0.01184395,0.001417638,0.0004414354,0.0001180538,0.00007953628,0.004123257],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1907127,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9979953,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1100111952054205,"score_gpt":0.440528902025599,"score_spread":0.3305177068201784,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}