{"id":"W4408158919","doi":"10.3389/frsen.2025.1546280","title":"Multifrequency seafloor acoustic backscatter as a tool for improved biological and geological assessments – updating knowledge, prospects, and challenges","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Remote Sensing","topic":"Underwater Acoustics Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland; Dalhousie University","funders":"Canada First Research Excellence Fund; Ocean Frontier Institute","keywords":"Seafloor spreading; Backscatter (email); Geology; Remote sensing; Seismology; Computer science; Geophysics; Telecommunications","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006163112,0.0001989844,0.0003220084,0.0002100837,0.0001995679,0.0001233365,0.0001185449,0.0001998336,0.00001994949],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003763671,0.0001572076,0.00003104126,0.0001688505,0.0002466282,0.0001131138,0.00007068902,0.0002804987,0.00000439215],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002992484,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000081941,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001720498,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004268165,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998351,0.0001531808,0.00027522,0.0005842014,0.0001001664,0.0005362173],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999265,0.0003598697,0.00004989457,0.0001563829,0.00007638001,0.00009242928],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001450174,0.00002461678,0.04117951,0.0002423768,0.00004961171,0.00002731761,0.0002104358,0.0002773692,0.001557179,0.000006508454,0.000169292,0.9561108],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008374327,0.0002391611,0.04660832,0.0001165421,0.00002065118,0.00002368475,0.0006964345,0.9427383,0.0001338766,0.00788152,0.0004806257,0.0002234292],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5558476,0.00702209,0.4277181,0.001540724,0.0008035732,0.001617582,0.00003352852,0.00007143099,0.005345346],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7143009,0.001319941,0.283968,0.000110219,0.00005696366,3.296365e-7,0.00002860116,0.000005124433,0.0002099233],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9558873,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6410738,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03461902554107635,"score_gpt":0.3005199080665083,"score_spread":0.265900882525432,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}