{"id":"W4408186406","doi":"10.1115/1.4068114","title":"Propagation of Elongated Fluid-Driven Fractures: Rock Toughness Versus Fluid Viscosity","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Mechanics","topic":"Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Viscosity; Geology; Fluid dynamics; Fluid pressure; Toughness; Mechanics; Materials science; Fracture toughness; Composite material; Geotechnical engineering; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002684419,0.0003403542,0.000325488,0.0004700959,0.0002482556,0.0006079574,0.0005069915,0.0005566332,0.001474641],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001907224,0.0002139031,0.0003457415,0.0001669656,0.0008736278,0.000593896,0.0005618985,0.0008858049,0.0001107761],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004149677,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002894745,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00226446,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001067387,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998478,0.00002257087,0.000006047503,0.00003414161,0.00005318832,0.00003631116],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989182,0.0005819201,0.0002737786,0.00004663083,0.00009004647,0.00008948395],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004283512,0.0003204528,0.008010889,0.0002740158,0.00007843847,0.001751695,0.0003392068,0.5674368,0.379002,0.02152349,0.0006072206,0.02022753],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001231714,0.000115216,0.0024671,0.00001807739,0.00001453713,0.0001268111,0.00005709964,0.9697465,0.02558492,0.001572245,0.0002623612,0.00002288347],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9624029,0.0007187913,0.03229273,0.0002421128,0.00006088803,0.00002438413,0.00005469368,0.00008258295,0.004120897],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975835,0.0001282157,0.001522536,0.00002098488,0.00001119296,0.00000366979,0.00001085983,0.00001091234,0.000708159],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00226446,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004933178,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006448079575865842,"score_gpt":0.2305296729056319,"score_spread":0.224081593329766,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}