{"id":"W4408194678","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5167394","title":"MANAGING PROCUREMENT AUCTION FAILURE: BID REQUIREMENTS OR RESERVE PRICES?","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Public Procurement and Policy","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Procurement; Proxy bid; Business; Unique bid auction; Vickrey auction; Reserve requirement; Commerce; Industrial organization; Finance; Economics; Bidding; Monetary economics; Auction theory; Marketing; Central bank; Monetary policy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01660142,0.0009181416,0.001559265,0.001403892,0.001002872,0.007215647,0.002461307,0.002801349,0.009799771],"category_scores_gemma":[0.08227472,0.0006544798,0.0004389704,0.001132678,0.001179205,0.01080411,0.002389836,0.003180323,0.001715392],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008271766,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001393214,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000899269,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005725829,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9941947,0.002785049,0.0004226709,0.0005462933,0.001117961,0.0009334388],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9517807,0.02934767,0.00857184,0.003104785,0.004654588,0.002540344],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004429004,0.001015362,0.08434585,0.001015973,0.0003950861,0.003012887,0.002411674,0.2473716,0.01264958,0.09454791,0.04238427,0.5064207],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003519776,0.001310385,0.03388238,0.0002933668,0.0001869829,0.002903727,0.004457498,0.7399852,0.007539588,0.194931,0.01393166,0.0002262377],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.622242,0.002368056,0.2824849,0.02098841,0.0006265051,0.0003032394,0.0004651427,0.002637041,0.06788465],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9927241,0.000122749,0.005080222,0.0001845779,0.0001313978,0.00002321777,0.00007159206,0.0001345921,0.001527733],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01660142,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0877977,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03121207801499622,"score_gpt":0.2891184629447843,"score_spread":0.2579063849297881,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}