{"id":"W4408223144","doi":"10.2106/jbjs.24.01099","title":"Operative Treatment of Flail Chest Injuries Does Not Reduce Pain or In-Hospital Opioid Requirements","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery","topic":"Trauma Management and Diagnosis","field":"Medicine","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Health Sciences Centre; Sunnybrook Health Science Centre; Western University; University of Toronto; St. Michael's Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"Flail chest; Medicine; Opioid; Anesthesia; Emergency medicine; Medical emergency; Surgery; Internal medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000917341,0.0001304646,0.0008375439,0.0005571548,0.00003510184,0.00002317236,0.0000142295,0.00004654584,0.00005682174],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004181436,0.00007486673,0.0002036584,0.0001906799,0.0000706943,0.0001961187,0.00002338633,0.00007527231,7.078837e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008113147,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001751099,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006349904,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002732334,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985499,0.00007090798,0.0009221743,0.0001199346,0.0001930901,0.0001440261],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990471,0.0003481761,0.0003387338,0.0001075936,0.00008949084,0.00006887622],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003462088,0.003823914,0.8055097,0.000885725,0.0008630505,0.0009898539,0.003116539,0.000002083544,0.009787258,0.0002183624,0.02183904,0.1495024],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003004513,0.002360356,0.9110806,0.002544545,0.0002784355,0.00001306025,0.002629233,0.000009540755,0.06843793,0.0001682535,0.009316999,0.0001565651],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9917917,0.001014823,0.00001602107,0.006257423,0.0003568352,0.0001861261,0.000004081949,0.00000529557,0.0003677145],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936262,0.004393314,0.0002990272,0.0002848557,0.0001120238,0.000009875223,0.000003047943,0.000007043475,0.001264601],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1493458,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3052976,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03809450977576834,"score_gpt":0.3194180039972975,"score_spread":0.2813234942215292,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}