{"id":"W4408225552","doi":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106100","title":"Understanding play from neurobiological, evolutionary, and comparative perspectives","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews","topic":"Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Neuroscience; Cognitive science; Cognitive psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00123151,0.0008542573,0.0008558118,0.001828039,0.0009134006,0.003871522,0.001126589,0.001797007,0.003820982],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007914584,0.000246239,0.0002886095,0.0007513777,0.01152128,0.005021574,0.001462138,0.002369482,0.00033239],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002024371,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001408371,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004458307,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00445147,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997662,0.00006232008,0.00001017464,0.00005542672,0.00004803623,0.00005795656],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995846,0.0002152743,0.00004909738,0.0000259167,0.00006291483,0.00006213477],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002302054,0.00007792009,0.004033466,0.001593271,0.0001216174,0.0006231155,0.003199985,0.001250326,0.006683463,0.8239474,0.005254374,0.1529849],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002992451,0.0002695216,0.01856674,0.002372486,0.00009984851,0.001942148,0.008245653,0.0009479491,0.001792987,0.6473388,0.3183383,0.00005551193],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.02667365,0.8427241,0.01677113,0.06280027,0.001437998,0.00001552303,0.0001024908,0.00003495511,0.04943982],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3400722,0.640299,0.005343954,0.005447208,0.002672201,0.00004865974,0.00007710195,0.00002507927,0.006014589],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004458307,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0146879,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.4659211503149659,"score_gpt":0.4548537635643627,"score_spread":0.0110673867506032,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}