{"id":"W4408226726","doi":"10.1515/ling-2025-0016","title":"“I haven’t seen any results yet”: on ethical collaborative research in linguistics and the need for a standard protocol","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Linguistics","topic":"Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Leverhulme Trust; Trent University; Nottingham Trent University","keywords":"Linguistics; Applied linguistics; Protocol (science); Haven; Clinical linguistics; Psychology; Philosophy; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002649383,0.0001605582,0.0002891301,0.0001829189,0.0006877292,0.0005215646,0.0003690148,0.000149744,0.00001582142],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0355254,0.0001095039,0.00003832761,0.0001825865,0.001432021,0.000009253327,0.0001625309,0.000998582,0.000005265209],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009528511,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005965844,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00024846,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003016337,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980769,0.0005341907,0.0004712899,0.000261111,0.0003457929,0.0003107215],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9917508,0.005109189,0.0001210079,0.0005808104,0.002391462,0.00004672345],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002448564,0.00005804309,0.00002484793,0.000114389,0.000027644,0.000005125054,0.0270468,0.00001919513,5.645824e-7,0.9518347,0.01825915,0.0001609892],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003840721,0.0002140487,0.00002382849,0.0003023991,0.00001941873,8.875903e-8,0.02329171,0.0005580108,0.00004523045,0.1674575,0.8041296,0.0001174312],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003378819,0.0001231876,0.00005785035,0.008681544,0.0008135343,0.03801413,0.0008664848,0.00008493936,0.9510204],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9621122,0.00002608798,0.001741631,0.001013024,0.001737034,0.02487525,0.0000556153,0.00003496372,0.008404192],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9617743,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9725988,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1079029273850356,"score_gpt":0.454158373337925,"score_spread":0.3462554459528895,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}