{"id":"W4408227892","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5169581","title":"Norms of Corruption in Politicians' Malfeasance","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Corruption and Economic Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Language change; Political science; Philosophy; Linguistics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00320172,0.0001393775,0.0003057047,0.0003288164,0.0001461263,0.00004888753,0.0004445905,0.0002323084,0.0001664407],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001284029,0.0001514409,0.0001364878,0.00017086,0.00009118354,0.0000935583,0.0001321361,0.002152509,0.000022604],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004935477,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01577198,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003850685,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05498371,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997278,0.0001460577,0.0005408694,0.0002191415,0.0002384416,0.001577453],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992875,0.00004408602,0.0003475789,0.0001424487,0.0001068905,0.00007147645],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005254292,0.0001045341,0.02887648,0.00004840984,0.00008606381,0.00000206289,0.005714778,0.0004686003,0.000006745886,0.8253151,0.00005871236,0.139266],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001231972,0.00008963172,0.03921533,0.000872514,0.00005480482,0.00002171928,0.03621338,0.0002243594,0.00001594815,0.8782846,0.04306301,0.0007127606],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7855056,0.003776216,0.00582618,0.006942641,0.00546679,0.000742583,0.00002685232,0.00006419321,0.1916489],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9636773,0.01511858,0.00009874534,0.0001245618,0.0002853626,0.00001165248,0.000006335742,0.00000701449,0.02067045],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1781717,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988844,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01871351313815192,"score_gpt":0.3133477648884848,"score_spread":0.2946342517503329,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}