{"id":"W4408241053","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1523585","title":"Uncrewed surface vehicles in the Global Ocean Observing System: a new frontier for observing and monitoring at the air-sea interface","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Marine Science","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme; European Commission; Sight Research UK; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Frontier; Interface (matter); Environmental science; Oceanography; Remote sensing; Meteorology; Geography; Geology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005033916,0.0007084213,0.000659785,0.002967187,0.0004275296,0.003266404,0.001348896,0.001038353,0.001621837],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006488473,0.0002854377,0.0006647687,0.007076999,0.0009795873,0.00862351,0.003084604,0.002050488,0.0007072227],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00103355,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002526179,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01395185,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01320544,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970211,0.0008709779,0.0002412122,0.000582393,0.001130213,0.00015413],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.993144,0.002749549,0.0007062467,0.0006928255,0.002446486,0.0002608699],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000806492,0.00003778902,0.05147119,0.004968939,0.000283432,0.000151695,0.000839534,0.004287644,0.003289505,0.03303396,0.03755943,0.8639963],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001210328,0.00009541118,0.02784583,0.003168386,0.000208054,0.0002576802,0.001239132,0.007278811,0.001681516,0.01529359,0.9428344,0.00008498161],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05098102,0.6063624,0.2338035,0.02972239,0.004587126,0.0005474345,0.01490417,0.00146276,0.05762922],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2522649,0.4171938,0.280504,0.006676656,0.002954541,0.0007013172,0.03183704,0.0004325258,0.007435197],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01395185,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02774131,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01177645890640611,"score_gpt":0.2276039420542247,"score_spread":0.2158274831478185,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}