{"id":"W4408252528","doi":"10.1016/j.jrmge.2024.12.019","title":"Uneven frost heave deformation in water conveyance channels in cold-arid regions: Experimental evidence and thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling analysis","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"China Scholarship Council; University of Waterloo; Jilin University; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Frost heaving; Geotechnical engineering; Deformation (meteorology); Geology; Arid; Coupling (piping); Frost (temperature); Engineering; Geomorphology; Mechanical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001999374,0.0002459255,0.0001850512,0.0003587094,0.0003552147,0.0001893063,0.0002322907,0.0002123981,0.0004692343],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002133808,0.000178069,0.0002416609,0.0002396078,0.0004075026,0.000286804,0.0002252896,0.0002256991,0.00003797418],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002399411,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002376153,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007483821,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01381709,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998904,0.000006910779,0.000005585179,0.00003583161,0.00003108423,0.00003003951],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998859,0.00001717809,0.00003475547,0.00001134171,0.00002711184,0.00002369729],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004581448,0.0003565119,0.2564523,0.0001286464,0.00005906005,0.0005704514,0.0006757599,0.01087455,0.7169874,0.0002195565,0.0001598434,0.01305775],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002873079,0.0004867543,0.8800038,0.000007270451,0.00005198537,0.0001048263,0.0006335521,0.0381208,0.08011311,0.00009946228,0.0003115733,0.00003819299],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996907,0.000007596541,0.0002202021,0.000002307271,7.963783e-7,0.000003047417,0.00002136098,0.000002695254,0.00005141531],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996608,0.00001184127,0.0002429899,0.000002051567,8.807044e-7,0.00000429383,0.00002713655,0.000001245801,0.00004868501],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007483821,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01488048,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01878763247889279,"score_gpt":0.2381553907376015,"score_spread":0.2193677582587087,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}