{"id":"W4408253431","doi":"10.1080/00220671.2025.2454686","title":"Action research through art: Social studies in early childhood","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Educational Research","topic":"Child Development and Education","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Education and Early Childhood Development","funders":"","keywords":"Action research; Psychology; Context (archaeology); Action (physics); Focus group; Social studies; Early childhood; Action plan; Perception; Early childhood education; Variety (cybernetics); Developmental psychology; Intervention (counseling); Pedagogy; Medical education; Applied psychology; Sociology; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01815896,0.00005533578,0.0001234118,0.0006525441,0.001934639,0.0001007553,0.0005327746,0.0000647719,0.0003061228],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007497424,0.00004104404,0.00004449732,0.002268789,0.0009094068,0.0004061218,0.00008318901,0.0009921514,0.0001314609],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001012574,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005987734,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006613918,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001320073,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9954653,0.002094441,0.0003416055,0.0001006422,0.001590337,0.0004076321],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9917156,0.005957652,0.00009151823,0.00009746633,0.002090543,0.00004725691],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001140556,0.0004666463,0.01938125,0.00001716263,0.00008031895,4.644957e-7,0.3819069,0.00000431124,0.00009493899,0.1288324,0.4658025,0.003299092],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000209765,0.00003913401,0.5776678,0.0001279745,0.000005883065,0.000001911213,0.1332151,2.816291e-7,0.00007302311,0.2238582,0.06475316,0.00004787144],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7871329,0.001257049,0.000002033903,0.1564429,0.0009058286,0.0002008801,3.530735e-7,0.00000163668,0.05405654],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.969974,0.002266194,0.00006378806,0.00009660079,0.001637144,0.00001492464,0.000001190446,0.000004451124,0.02594171],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5582865,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996474,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.5128261391004068,"score_gpt":0.6266253649587049,"score_spread":0.1137992258582982,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}