{"id":"W4408253526","doi":"10.1016/j.linged.2025.101403","title":"Translingual approach in assessing academic writing for emerging multilingual writers in EMI higher education","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Linguistics and Education","topic":"Second Language Learning and Teaching","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"EMI; Linguistics; Higher education; Multilingualism; Academic writing; Sociology; Pedagogy; Political science; Computer science; Telecommunications; Electromagnetic interference; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01701159,0.0005112021,0.0004198782,0.002856777,0.0009288804,0.003013482,0.001393356,0.0008912002,0.001857262],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02996269,0.0002261334,0.0005815912,0.001728805,0.002163943,0.002670069,0.003854075,0.001114308,0.0006772904],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007266475,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002676513,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001028752,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003630706,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9869817,0.008071692,0.001850674,0.0008400803,0.00193353,0.000322378],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9815027,0.009173854,0.003571604,0.001070319,0.003737452,0.0009441751],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005397869,0.001181139,0.4571078,0.001622048,0.0001775908,0.001660388,0.05280332,0.002009036,0.01178003,0.008485981,0.002144639,0.4604883],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002795515,0.007725354,0.6818638,0.002111866,0.0003799023,0.01227706,0.1444269,0.01667412,0.03268503,0.03760642,0.06357349,0.0003964867],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9041907,0.001711135,0.06004128,0.001183062,0.0002394191,0.0009974978,0.0001785526,0.0002893097,0.03116918],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9265478,0.0004576525,0.06861536,0.0003148416,0.00004604449,0.0008835047,0.00009343242,0.00003845093,0.003002929],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01701159,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08996695,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03521171072889111,"score_gpt":0.3515859968863371,"score_spread":0.3163742861574459,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}