{"id":"W4408266484","doi":"10.2118/223990-ms","title":"Re-Using Oil and Gas Wells for Geothermal Energy: Feasibility, Benefits, and Challenges","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Cenovus Energy (Canada); University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Petroleum engineering; Fossil fuel; Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Environmental science; Energy (signal processing); Geology; Waste management; Engineering; Physics; Geophysics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002071034,0.0001118333,0.0001458717,0.00008060814,0.00004384102,0.00003412996,0.0000459359,0.00007619122,0.000009744101],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003322841,0.0001075033,0.00002498893,0.0000578094,0.0000153814,0.00006798176,0.00002876563,0.00004387822,1.631967e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000187652,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005551228,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002339435,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003102385,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994999,0.00001565203,0.0001284261,0.0001576328,0.00004680143,0.0001516346],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995826,0.0001896793,0.000007520152,0.0001492501,0.00002289456,0.00004805641],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009796157,0.000006528169,0.0003826682,0.000481145,0.00003534432,2.971743e-7,0.00008684848,0.8226957,0.0004813695,0.01016072,0.00006040147,0.1655991],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000520023,0.00001296044,0.0009932085,0.00006155194,0.00001470727,9.725533e-7,0.00007658955,0.9811182,0.001225129,0.001023125,0.01481019,0.0001433568],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8077748,0.05851709,0.1142974,0.001340652,0.0003908645,0.0001007844,0.00001214407,0.0005512771,0.01701495],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8461038,0.03339589,0.1172182,0.0001164362,0.0001553751,0.00002764763,0.000005218261,0.00007018457,0.002907271],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1654558,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4383857,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0564917058152004,"score_gpt":0.293184735416181,"score_spread":0.2366930296009805,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}